a decade ago if you read an article like
"american scientists show promising Alzheimer's cure"

you'd get to the 2nd paragraph, find where it was published, go to pubmed , then sci-hub, read the paper and discover, near inevitably, that its a small in-vitro test (done w some chemical on some cells in a Petri dish/ test tube) or w/e

this of course wouldn't stop people from taking that 2nd hand misrepresentation by the illiterate science journalist and talking it up as a "breakthrough"